Abstract Introduction The bone-implant interface has been studied extensively, but only few papers focused on the nutritional aspects that may affect bone quality, especially salt intake. Objective To study the osseointegration of implants in salt-loaded rats with low mineral bone content. Methods A total of 60 4-month-oldmale rats were divided in 2 groups (n = 30), being these groups divided in 2 periods, (2 and 4 months). The control group received a normal diet, while the test group received a diet supplemented with 1% sodium chloride (NaCl). Implants were placed in the tibia of both groups. A total of 15 animals of each group were sacrificed at the 2nd month of the experiment, while the remaining animals were sacrificed at the 4th month. Results No statistically significant difference was found in food intake between the groups on any experimental period, but a statistically significant difference was found in the liquid intake in the saline group in both periods. For all groups, osseointegration was observed in both groups.Themeanpercentageof osseointegrationin the corticalbone, in thetrabecular bone, and in the total osseointegrated surface between the control (46.38 ± 16.17%) and saline (49.13 ± 11.52%) groups at 2 months was not statistically different (p = 0.61). The total osseointegration areas of the control (53.98 ± 12.06%) and saline (51.40 ± 13.01%) groups at the 4th month of the study were not statistically (p = 0.61). Conclusion Ingestion of salt did not affect directly the osseointegration process during the period of the experiment. The results suggest that mineral losses may not affect the achievement of good osseointegration in aging rats.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre sintomas depressivos e cáries radiculares entre idosos independentes. Todos os idosos moradores da comunidade (não hospitalizados e não acamados) residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS, foram convidados a participar, e 785 completaram o protocolo do estudo (questionário padronizado de avaliação sociodemográfica e comportamento de saúde, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica [GDS ] - versão resumida e exame oral [Índice de CPOD-Raiz, índice de placa visível e fluxo salivar estimulado]). Destes, 390 participantes com pelo menos um dente natural foram incluídos na presente análise. O desfecho foi a razão entre o número de raízes em decomposição e o número de raízes em risco. A associação entre variáveis independentes (depressão e aspectos socioeconômicos) e o desfecho foram avaliados utilizando modelos de regressão binomial negativa. O modelo final totalmente ajustado revelou que a idade (b=0,03, p=0,001), sexo feminino (b=-0,23, p=0,08), vivendo em área rural (b=0,25, p=0,008), frequência de escovação (b=0,43, p=0,025) e o fluxo salivar estimulado (b=-0,012, p<0,0001) foram significativamente associados à presença de cárie radicular. Além disso, a interação entre sexo masculino e a presença de sintomas de depressão (b=-0,99, p=0,012) também foi independente e significativamente associada com cáries radiculares. A interação entre sexo masculino e sintomas de depressão foi associada com cárie radicular, sugerindo que mecanismos psicológicos podem estar envolvidos indiretamente no desenvolvimento de cáries radiculares em adultos mais velhos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and root caries among independent-living older persons. All community-dwelling older adults (not hospitalized and not bedridden) living in Carlos Barbosa, RS, Brazil, were invited to participate, and 785 completed the study protocol (standardized questionnaire assessing socio-demographic information and health behavior, Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS] - brief version, and oral examination [DMFT-Root index, Visible Plaque Index and stimulated salivary flow]). Out of them, 390 participants with at least one natural tooth were included in the present analysis. The outcome of interest was the ratio between the number of decayed roots and the number of roots at risk. The association between independent variables (depression and socioeconomic aspects) and the outcome was assessed using negative binomial regression models. Results: The final, fully adjusted model revealed that age (β=0.03, p=0.001), female sex (β=-0.23, p=0.08), living in a rural area (β=0.25, p=0.008), tooth brushing frequency (β=0.43, p=0.025) and stimulated salivary flow (β=-0.012, p<0.0001) were significantly associated with the presence of root caries. In addition, the interaction between male sex and the presence of depression symptoms (β=-0.99, p=0.012) was also independently and significantly associated with root caries. The interaction between male sex and depression symptoms was associated with root caries, suggesting that psychological mechanisms may be involved indirectly in the development of root caries in older adults.

Abuse of the elderly is a form of violence to come to the public's attention. Dental professionals are in an ideal position to identify physical abuse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of elderly abuse and analyze the database of injury reports that can be identified by dental teams. A documentary analysis study developed by the Elderly Protection Police Station of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out. The information used came from 2,304 complaints filed at the aforementioned institution between the years of 2004 and 2006. The records of abuse are categorized as injury, neglect, mistreatment, theft, financial abuse, threat, disturbing the peace, atypical fact, and others. The injuries that could be identified by the dental team were classified according to the injury's location in the area of the head, face, mouth and neck. Descriptive analysis was performed, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the distributions of the types of elder abuse in relation to sex and age. The most frequent of the different types of abuse was theft, with a prevalence of 17.8%, followed by disturbing the peace at 11.8%. Disturbing the peace, threat, and bodily injury were significantly associated with women. Elder abuse among women and men declines with age. The prevalence of head injury was 25% of the total injuries, most often in females, and in those aged < 70 years. Based on these results, it is necessary that the dental team observe the elderly person's appearance for suspicious physical signs.

Previous studies have suggested that oral diseases may influence the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that poor self-reported oral health (SROH) and tooth loss are positively associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden (CAB). 382 consecutive subjects undergoing coronary angiography were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and oral health status were collected using a standardized questionnaire, including data on SROH and use of dental prosthesis. Number of teeth and anthropometric measures were collected through clinical examinations. CAB at coronary angiography was quantified using the Friesinger score (FS). Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with Poisson regression analyses. Mean age was 60.3 ± 10.8 years, with 63.2% males. In the bivariate analysis, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between CAB and age (> 60y) (PR = 1.01, 95%CI = 1.02-1.16), male gender (PR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.19), smoking (PR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.01- 1.16), hypertension (PR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.03-1.22), diabetes (PR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.05-1.21), poor SROH (PR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.02-1.46) and tooth loss (< 20teeth present) (PR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.02-1.19). The use of dental prosthesis was not associated with CAB. The multivariate models, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia showed that poor SROH (p = 0.03) and tooth loss (p = 0.02) were independently associated with CAB, confirming the study hypothesis.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a assistência à saúde bucal nas residências geriátricas da Província de Granada, Espanha, e Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, e comparar os dados obtidos. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo exploratório, transversal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário fechado, enviado pelo correio, para todas as residências geriátricas cadastradas em Granada (99) e Santa Catarina (78), em 2005. Resultados: O perfil das residências (29 em SC e 30 em Granada) foi semelhante, com predominância de instituições privadas. Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas quanto aos residentes, exceto quanto ao número de instituições acima da mediana combinada para quantidade de mulheres e idosos totalmente dependentes, superiores em Granada. Embora as residências granadinas apresentassem maior número de profissionais da saúde, não houve diferenças quanto à insuficiente assistência à saúde bucal aos idosos, considerados: registro das condições de saúde bucal, circunstâncias em que essas condições são (re)avaliadas e realização sistemática de higiene bucal. Em face de um problema de saúde bucal apresentado pelo idoso, a família é comunicada, com maior frequência, nas residências granadinas. Conclusões: A assistência à saúde bucal não é prática sistemática nas instituições investigadas, em ambas as regiões, que transferem à família ou aos serviços locais de saúde o encaminhamento quando surgem problemas. Os procedimentos de higiene mais apontados foram escovação de dentes e próteses, porém práticas ineficazes são citadas. Foi frequente a alegação de falta de cooperação dos idosos para justificar a ausência de uma higiene bucal sistemática, revelando transferência de responsabilidades das instituições e cuidadores para o idoso.

Abstract Objective: To describe and compare the oral health assistance at the Province of Granada, Spain, and at Santa Catarina, Brazil nursing homes. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected through closed questionnaire, sent by mail, for the nursing homes registered in Granada (99) and Santa Catarina (78), in 2005. Results: The residences profile (29 in SC and 30 in Granada) was similar with predominance of the profit organizations. There were no significant statistical differences among the elderly, except concerning the average amount of nursing homes above the combined median values for number of women and totally dependent, higher in Granada. Although the grenadines residences present larger number of health professionals, there are no differences in precarious oral health assistance to the elderly, considering: the registration of oral health conditions, the circumstances in that those conditions are evaluated and the systematic oral hygiene protocol. In face of an oral health problem presented by the elderly, the family is communicated, more frequently, in the grenadine residences. Conclusions: Oral health assistance is not a systematic practice in the investigated institutions in both areas, and the solution is transfered to the elderly's family or local health services when problems appear. The most cited hygiene procedures were tooth and prostheses brushing, however ineffective practices are mentioned. It was frequent the allegation of lack of elderly's cooperation to justify the absence of a systematic oral hygiene, revealing the transference of responsibilities of the institutions and cares to the elderly.

O crescente envelhecimento da população mundial, inclusive no Brasil, ressalta a importância de medidas para se lidar com esta situação. No Brasil, a maioria dos idosos é do sexo feminino; vive em domicílios multigeracionais; é referência econômica nos mesmos; possui baixo nível socioeconômico; portadora de, pelo menos, uma doença crônica; independente para realização das atividades da vida diária; não possui dentes, e busca atenção em saúde no SUS. Os idosos brasileiros expostos a situações de vulnerabilidade social estão sujeitos à interferência direta dos determinantes sociais no processo saúde-doença. O Suporte Social inclui políticas e redes de apoio social, que atuam como agente de integração do idoso na sociedade, minimizando os riscos de exclusão social e, conseqüentemente, de danos à sua saúde por meio de medidas de Promoção de Saúde. Este artigo aborda o Suporte Social e alguns de seus aspectos, tais como: tipo e local de residência, transporte e suporte financeiro; em idosos brasileiros e sua relação com a Promoção de Saúde.

The rising age of the world's population, even in Brazil, highlights the importance of taking measures to deal with the situation. In Brazil, most of the elderly are women living in multi-generation homes. Generally speaking, they are an economic reference within these homes, have a low socioeconomic level, suffer from at least one chronic disease, are independent in terms of carrying out their daily activities, are toothless, and look for healthcare at governmental SUS (Single Healthcare System) centers. The Brazilian elderly that are exposed to situations of social vulnerability are subject to the direct interference of social determinants in the heath-illness process. Social Support includes social support networks and policies that act as integration agents for the elderly within society, minimizing the risks of social exclusion and consequently of impairment of health due to Health Promotion measures. This article discusses Social Support and some of its aspects, such as the type and place of residence, transportation and financial support for the Brazilian elderly and their relation with the Promotion of Health.

El creciente envejecimiento de la población mundial, inclusive en Brasil, acentúa la importancia de las medidas para tratar con esta situación. En Brasil, la mayoría de los ancianos es del sexo femenino, vive en domicilios con varias generaciones, es referencia económica para estos, tiene bajo nivel socioeconómico, es portadora de por lo menos una enfermedad crónica, independiente para realización de las actividades de la vida diaria, no tiene dientes y busca atención en salud en el SUS. Los ancianos brasileños expuestos a situaciones de vulnerabilidad social están sujetos a la interferencia directa de los determinantes sociales en el proceso de salud-enfermedad. El Soporte social incluye políticas y redes de apoyo social, que actúan como agente de integración del anciano en la sociedad y disminuyendo los riesgos de exclusión social y en consecuencia de daños a su salud a través de medidas de promoción de salud. Este artículo discute el Soporte Social y algunos de sus aspectos como: el tipo y lugar de residencia, el transporte y el soporte financiero en ancianos brasileños y su relación con la promoción de salud.

O crescente envelhecimento da população mundial, inclusive no Brasil, ressalta a importância de medidas para se lidar com esta situação. No Brasil, a maioria dos idosos é do sexo feminino; vive em domicílios multigeracionais; é referência econômica nos mesmos; possui baixo nível socioeconômico; portadora de, pelo menos, uma doença crônica; independente para realização das atividades da vida diária; não possui dentes, e busca atenção em saúde no SUS. Os idosos brasileiros expostos a situações de vulnerabilidade social estão sujeitos à interferência direta dos determinantes sociais no processo saúde-doença. O Suporte Social inclui políticas e redes de apoio social, que atuam como agente de integração do idoso na sociedade, minimizando os riscos de exclusão social e, conseqüentemente, de danos à sua saúde por meio de medidas de Promoção de Saúde. Este artigo aborda o Suporte Social e alguns de seus aspectos, tais como: tipo e local de residência, transporte e suporte financeiro; em idosos brasileiros e sua relação com a Promoção de Saúde.

The rising age of the world's population, even in Brazil, highlights the importance of taking measures to deal with the situation. In Brazil, most of the elderly are women living in multi-generation homes. Generally speaking, they are an economic reference within these homes, have a low socioeconomic level, suffer from at least one chronic disease, are independent in terms of carrying out their daily activities, are toothless, and look for healthcare at governmental SUS (Single Healthcare System) centers. The Brazilian elderly that are exposed to situations of social vulnerability are subject to the direct interference of social determinants in the heath-illness process. Social Support includes social support networks and policies that act as integration agents for the elderly within society, minimizing the risks of social exclusion and consequently of impairment of health due to Health Promotion measures. This article discusses Social Support and some of its aspects, such as the type and place of residence, transportation and financial support for the Brazilian elderly and their relation with the Promotion of Health.

El creciente envejecimiento de la población mundial, inclusive en Brasil, acentúa la importancia de las medidas para tratar con esta situación. En Brasil, la mayoría de los ancianos es del sexo femenino, vive en domicilios con varias generaciones, es referencia económica para estos, tiene bajo nivel socioeconómico, es portadora de por lo menos una enfermedad crónica, independiente para realización de las actividades de la vida diaria, no tiene dientes y busca atención en salud en el SUS. Los ancianos brasileños expuestos a situaciones de vulnerabilidad social están sujetos a la interferencia directa de los determinantes sociales en el proceso de salud-enfermedad. El Soporte social incluye políticas y redes de apoyo social, que actúan como agente de integración del anciano en la sociedad y disminuyendo los riesgos de exclusión social y en consecuencia de daños a su salud a través de medidas de promoción de salud. Este artículo discute el Soporte Social y algunos de sus aspectos como: el tipo y lugar de residencia, el transporte y el soporte financiero en ancianos brasileños y su relación con la promoción de salud.

O crescente envelhecimento da população mundial, inclusive no Brasil, ressalta a importância de medidas para se lidar com esta situação. No Brasil, a maioria dos idosos é do sexo feminino; vive em domicílios multigeracionais; é referência econômica nos mesmos; possui baixo nível socioeconômico; portadora de, pelo menos, uma doença crônica; independente para realização das atividades da vida diária; não possui dentes, e busca atenção em saúde no SUS. Os idosos brasileiros expostos a situações de vulnerabilidade social estão sujeitos à interferência direta dos determinantes sociais no processo saúde-doença. O Suporte Social inclui políticas e redes de apoio social, que atuam como agente de integração do idoso na sociedade, minimizando os riscos de exclusão social e, conseqüentemente, de danos à sua saúde por meio de medidas de Promoção de Saúde. Este artigo aborda o Suporte Social e alguns de seus aspectos, tais como: tipo e local de residência, transporte e suporte financeiro; em idosos brasileiros e sua relação com a Promoção de Saúde.

The world people increasing aging, including Brazil, emphasizes the importance of measure to deal with this situation. In Brazil, the majority of elderly is woman, lives in houses with other generations, is economic reference in these houses, is in the low economic level, has at least one chronic disease, is independent to do daily life activities, doesn’t have teeth, and look for health care services in the Unified National Health System (SUS). Brasilian elderly have exposed the social vulnerability situations, they are submited to direct interference of the social determinants in the health-disease process. The Social Support includes social policies and networks, that plays a role the agent to join the elder and the society, it is decreasing the risks of social exclusion and consequently the damages to his/her health through Health Promotion measurements. This article concerns the Social Support and some of its aspects like: Type and place of residence, Transport and Financial Support; in Brazilian elderly and its relation between the Health Promotion.

El creciente envejecimiento de la población mundial, inclusive en Brasil, acentúa la importancia de las medidas para tratar con esta situación. En Brasil, la mayoría de los ancianos es del sexo femenino, vive en domicilios con varias generaciones, es referencia económica para estos, tiene bajo nivel socioeconómico, es portadora de por lo menos una enfermedad crónica, independiente para realización de las actividades de la vida diaria, no tiene dientes y busca atención en salud en el SUS. Los ancianos brasileños expuestos a situaciones de vulnerabilidad social están sujetos a la interferencia directa de los determinantes sociales en el proceso de salud-enfermedad. El Soporte social incluye políticas y redes de apoyo social, que actúan como agente de integración del anciano en la sociedad y disminuyendo los riesgos de exclusión social y en consecuencia de daños a su salud a través de medidas de promoción de salud. Este artículo discute el Soporte Social y algunos de sus aspectos como: el tipo y lugar de residencia, el transporte y el soporte financiero en ancianos brasileños y su relación con la promoción de salud.